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Objective:To investigate the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) like behavior of offspring mice induced by stress during pregnancy and its mechanism.Methods:Chronic unpredictable stress was applied to ICR pregnant mice in different gestational periods. The offspring mice were randomly selected and the behavior changes of each group were observed in open field experiment (CG: control group; SG1: cums stress stimulation from 8 to 14 days of gestation; SG2: cums stress stimulation from 15 days of gestation to childbirth). The plasma concentrations of GABA, its metabolic enzymes and dopamine were detected by ELISA.Results:The results of open field experiment showed that the total distance, the time of stay in central area, the speed in central area, and the speed in surrounding area in SG1 group, SG2 group and CG group were statistically significant ( F=8.30, 5.01, 8.05, 7.15, all P<0.05). The total distances of SG1 group and SG2 group were significantly longer than that of CG group ((5 221.07±469.95)mm, (4 825.63±545.49)mm, (3 781.17±111.34)mm, both P<0.05).The times of stay in central area of SG1 and SG2 groups were shorter than that in CG group ((5.95±3.32)s, (8.59±3.42)s, (11.10±3.61)s, all P<0.05). The speeds in central area of SG1 and SG2 groups were faster than that of CG group ((30.93±5.79)mm/s, (32.48±9.06)mm/s, (20.57±5.07)mm/s, all P<0.05).The speed in surrounding area in SG1 group was faster than that in CG group ((16.91±1.64)mm/s), (12.42±3.77)mm/s, P<0.05). ELISA results showed that there were significant differences in mice plasma GABA, GAD65, GAD67 and DA among CG group, SG1 group and SG2 group ( F=16.52, 6.42, 11.04, 7.26, all P<0.05).The plasma concentrations of GABA in SG1 group and SG2 group were lower than that in CG group ((3.70±0.80)μmol/L, (4.40±0.80)μmol/L, (6.06±1.01)μmol/L, all P<0.05).The plasma concentrations of GAD65 ((5.36±0.75)μg/L, (6.99±1.01)μg/L, P<0.05)and GAD67((10.52±1.09)μg/L, (9.84±1.35)μg/L, (12.83±1.67)μg/L, P<0.05)in SG1 group were lower than those in CG group. The plasma DA concentration in SG1 group ((82.81±8.59)ng/L) was higher than that in CG group ((69.43±9.42)ng/L, P<0.05) and SG2 group ((66.36±10.77)ng/L, P<0.05). Conclusion:Prenatal stress can induce ADHD-like behavioural phenotypes in offspring mice, which may be related to the influence of plasma GABA metabolism and DA concentration.
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Objective:To explore the correlation between serum C1q, thyroid hormone (serum FT 3, FT 4, TSH) and depression by detecting the difference of serum C1q, thyroid hormone (serum FT 3, FT 4, TSH) between depression patients and normal people. Methods:A total of 275 depressive patients(depression group) and 275 healthy controls(healthy group) were recruited.The serum levels of C1q, FT 3, FT 4 and TSH were compared between the two groups.The serum levels of C1q, FT 3, FT 4 and TSH in depression patients with different age, gender, course of disease and HAMD were compared.Further regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of serum C1q, FT 3, FT 4 and TSH levels on the incidence and severity of depression in patients with depression. Results:Serum C1q, FT 3, TSH of depression group(C1q: 203(165, 239)mg/L, FT 3: (4.39±0.70)pmol/L, TSH: 1.69(1.17, 2.46)mIU/L) were significantly lower than those of healthy group(C1q: (236.25±27.06)mg/L, FT 3: 4.61(4.29, 4.95)pmol/L, TSH: 2.04(1.42, 3.01)mIU/L)(all P<0.01). Compared with the serum indexes in depression group, the level of C1q and TSH in men(C1q : 188.00 (164.00, 221.00) mg/L, TSH: 1.52(1.13, 2.16)mIU/L) were significantly lower than those in women(C1q : 213.00 (168.25, 247.75) mg/L, TSH: 1.85(1.28, 2.57)mIU/L)( P<0.05), and the level of FT 3 and FT 4 in men(FT 3: 4.64 (4.23, 5.06) pmol/ L, FT 4: 16.76(15.05, 18.20)pmol/L) were significantly higher than those in women (FT 3: 4.34 (3.82, 4.72) pmol/L, FT 4: 15.92(14.35, 17.40)pmol/L). Serum C1q ( B=-0.020, P<0.01, OR95% CI: 0.980 (0.975, 0.985)), FT 3 ( B=-0.576, P<0.01, OR95% CI: 0.562 (0.408, 0.775)), TSH ( B=-0.274, P<0.01, OR95% CI: 0.761 (0.648, 0.893)) level were the influencing factors of depression. Conclusion:Serum C1q and thyroid hormone may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression, and may be affected by gender factors.
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Objectives To investigate the incidence of depression status and the related factors in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods One hundred and forty three MHD patients were enrolled in the study.According to Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) score,50 patients (35.0％) were classified in depression group and 93 were in non-depression group.The basic clinical information,demographic characteristics and laboratory parameters were collected.Univariate analysis,Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analysis were used to assess the related factors of depression status.Results The average HADS-D score in 143 MHD patients was 6.22 ± 2.35,and that in depression group and in non-depression group was 9.76 ± 3.85 and 3.64 ± 2.91,respectively.The prevalence of the symptoms in MHD patients varied from 15.9％ to 98.4％,and the score of symptom burden was 12-136 (72.54 ± 34.86).Univariate analysis revealed that marital status (x2 =4.493,P =0.034),economic status (x2 =4.187,P =0.04),symptom burden(r =0.68,P ＜ 0.001),symptom severity (r =0.59,P ＜ 0.001) and social support (r =-0.38,P =0.002) were associated with the depression.Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that depression was associated significantly with symptom burden(β =0.546,P ＜ 0.001),symptom severity (β =0.428,P ＜ 0.001) and social support (β =0.205,P =0.032).Symptom burden and severity could explain 30.5％ of the depression variance.Conclusions The prevalence of depression status is high in MHD patients,which is positively correlated with symptom burden.Among all influencing factors,symptom burden has the greatest impact on the depression status,and maybe an important predicting factor of depression.
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Objective To develop transgenic mice harboring the fusion gene of mutant amyloid precursor protein and two types of fluorescent protein for the future study on Alzheimer's disease.Methods The fusion gene CFP-54 bp-YFP-C99 was introduced into mice by mieroinjection.The presence of CFP-54 bp-YFP-C99 was confirmed by PCR in the founders.Results CFP-54 bp-YFP-C99 gene was injected into pronucleus of 2202 zygotes and 1806 injected eggs were implanted into 56 foster mothers, 13 of which were pregnant.There were 13 foster mothers who borne 52 offspring and 32 of them survived.Recipient mouse pregnancy rate was 23.2% (13/56) and the integration rate was 3.9% (2/52).Conclusion CFP-54 bp-YFP-C99 transgenic mice is obtained, but the transgenic efficiency is low.
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Objective To observe the effect of local mild hypothermia and Naloxone in the treatment of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Forty-five patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into 4 groups:a control group(12 patients),a hypothermia group(11 patients),a Naloxone group(11 patients)and a hypothemrmia plus Naloxone group(11 patients).The patients in the control group were managed with conventional interventions including the administration of 6-aminocaproic acid within 24 hours and dehydrant when intracranial pressure was high.Those in the hypothermia and Naloxone groups were treated with local hypothermia at 33～34 ℃ for 3 days or intravenous transfusion of Naloxone at 4 mg/d in addition to the conventional intervention.Those in the combination group were treated with local hypothermia and intravenous Naloxone in addition to the conventional intervention.Immediately after admission and 2 weeks after treatment,head CT scans were conducted to observe the volume of cerebral hematoma and edema.The patients' neurological function was scored according to the European Stroke Standards(ESS)before and after treatment. Results There was no significant difference among the 4 groups in terms of the volume of hematoma and edema or in their ESS scores before treatment.After treatment,any differences among the 4 groups with regard to hematoma volume were not significant.The volume of edema in the hypothermia group was similar to that in the combination group and significantly lower than that in the Naloxone andcontrol groups.Hematoma volume in the Naloxone group was significantly lower than that in the control group.After treatment,the ESS scores were significantly higher in the combination group than that in hypothermia group,and scores in the hypothermia group were significantly higher than in the Naloxone group.ESS scores in the Naloxone group were significantly higher that in the control group. Conclusion Local mild hypothermia and Naloxone treatment can inhibit cerebral edema and enhance recovery of neurological function in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.Local mild hypothermia has advantages over Naloxone in inhibiting the development of cerebral edema and in promoting recovery of neurological function.Local mild hypothermia in combination with Naloxone further inhibits edema,and it can enhance neurological function to a greater extent.